Common barcode types: UPC, EAN, Code 128, QR

Pick the barcode type by the job it has to do. Retail packs use UPC or EAN.¹ Shipping and packaging often use a Code 128 family code.² QR codes are a 2D kind.³

Line codes (1D)

Barcodes are symbols that scanners can read using laser or image-based technology.⁴ The line kind is called linear, or 1D.

• UPC. Used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores. A UPC-A has 12 digits, assigned uniquely to each trade item.¹ GS1 describes UPC and EAN as instantly recognisable 1D barcodes used in retail all over the world.⁴
• EAN. The most widely used version is EAN-13. Where space is tight, the shorter EAN-8 can be used.⁵ An EAN-13 starting with 0 is really a 12-digit UPC with a zero added.⁵
• Code 128. A high-density linear symbology for alphanumeric or numeric-only barcodes.² Alphanumeric means it can carry letters as well as digits.
• GS1-128. A subset of Code 128, used extensively worldwide in shipping and packaging.² GS1 calls GS1-128 and ITF-14 versatile barcodes often used in a distribution environment.⁴

Square codes (2D)

• QR code. A two-dimensional matrix barcode invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara of Denso Wave, first for labelling automobile parts. It's readable by imaging devices like cameras.³
• Why use 2D. According to GS1, 2D barcodes can hold more data than 1D barcodes while still appearing physically smaller.⁴

Which type for which job

Checks before you choose

• Does your software read it? Ask your software's help page which types it accepts, and check that your scanner reads the type you choose.
• Does the number fit the type? If your SKU has letters, it needs an alphanumeric type such as Code 128.²
• Is there room on the item? Where space is limited, the shorter EAN-8 format can be used.⁵
• Who will scan it? A QR code is readable by imaging devices like cameras.³ See barcode scanner types.
• Is the number yours to use? GS1 assigns the digits behind UPC and EAN barcodes.¹ The page on getting those numbers explains how.

What the type doesn't change

• The type is only the pattern. It doesn't make a number valid.
• A SKU is sometimes represented via a barcode, but the barcode is only the picture of it.⁶ The page on SKU, barcode, UPC and GTIN explains the difference.
• Quiet space around a code matters for every type. See printing barcode labels.